However, there are many uses cases for organizations to use more affordable and flexible private PKI solutions, such as corporate IT and so-called “headless devices,” which are smart devices without a screen or management interface. Purchasing public certificates can be a costly expense for many organizations, but it is fundamental for public-facing use cases like email encryption and website security. Private PKI is an agile solution that enables organizations to accelerate the time to value for new offerings at a fraction of the cost of purchasing public certificates. If an organization owns the server issuing the certificate and the client receiving it, then it doesn’t need to be public.

Private PKIs enable organizations to shortcut implementing these onerous Baseline Requirements while still enabling them to issue their own certificates. On the other hand, private PKIs have no such requirements the private CAs just need to be trusted by the user or their certificates need to be deployed by an admin onto a device. It would be far more time-consuming and expensive to comply with the Baseline Requirements of the CAB Forum than most organizations can afford. However, most organizations need to purchase their certificates (to avoid that nasty warning message on their website) from a public CA. For example, Microsoft uses its public PKI to enable clients to automatically download and install Windows updates while maintaining confidence that they came from Microsoft. Some of the largest enterprises in the world have established their own public PKIs so that they can easily establish trust.

These security and compliance standards are daunting to implement. This process is managed by the CA/Browser (CAB) Forum, which establishes the Baseline Requirements for CAs to be publicly trusted. Public PKIs are automatically trusted by browsers and operating systems because their certificates are distributed within the software.

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